The first week of 2025 has been cold in Moldova, with nighttime temperatures dropping to around freezing. During the day, it hasn’t been much warmer.
On January 7, pensioner Gheorghe Colun and his wife prepared a traditional Christmas dinner of stuffed cabbage. Christmas in the predominantly Christian Orthodox Republic of Moldova is celebrated on January 6 and 7, according to the old Julian calendar.
This year, with Russia halting gas deliveries to Moldova on January 1, the couple cooked the meal on a wood-burning stove.
“See? We have no gas. We have light, but no gas,” said Colun, turning the knobs on his gas range. “We can’t even boil water for tea!”
Transnistria reliant on Russian gas
The Coluns live in a little house in the village of Cocieri, on the banks of the Dniester River in the thin sliver of land known as Transnistria. This separatist region, sandwiched between the Dniester River and the Ukrainian border, is ruled by a Moscow-backed breakaway government and is effectively controlled by Russia.
Although Cocieri is situated in Transnistria, it’s part of an enclave that is actually administered by Moldovan authorities. Nevertheless, it’s still connected to the old Russian gas supply infrastructure dating from the period when Moldova was part of the Soviet Union.
Since the start of the full-scale war in Ukraine in 2022, Moldova has been importing gas from the European market instead of from Russia. Transnistria, however, was still supplied with Russian gas.
“The gas was switched off at 9 a.m. on January 1,” said Colun. “I switched off the gas central heating. What the Russians are doing is terror. That’s the way they are. They can’t cope with the civilized world.”
Colun knew that the region would stop getting gas from Russia on January 1 because that was the day the agreements governing gas transit via Ukraine between the Russian state-owned company Gazprom and Ukraine expired.
He prepared for the change by buying firewood. Before the gas stopped coming, he — like all inhabitants of Transnistria — paid a symbolic price for Russian gas. He knows that whenever the crisis ends, people will not be in a position to pay the higher prices that are sure to follow.
Cities facing humanitarian crisis
Colun told DW that villagers are burning coal and firewood to get by. But he knows from friends who live in the nearby towns and cities the situation there is dramatic. They tell him that people cannot heat their homes, and have no gas to cook meals.
Since Russia turned off the gas taps, Transnistria has been facing both an energy and a humanitarian crisis. The central heating supply has been switched off, several factories have closed, schools and universities have switched to online tuition and thousands of people aren’t able to work.
On social media, people have posted videos showing how they’re struggling to cope with the cold. In the city of Dubasari, for example, with its high-rise buildings and gas-powered central heating units, many people have resorted to electric heaters to keep warm. But the system is struggling to meet the increased demand for electricity, meaning the electric heaters are of very little use.
The situation is so critical that authorities in Tiraspol, the region’s de facto capital, have temporarily switched off power on several occasions. Some power cuts have lasted up to eight hours.
Chisinau says its willing to help
Despite the hardships, the wave of migration westwards across the Dniester River anticipated by the authorities in Chisinau has not yet materialized. Most people in Transnistria are enduring the cold largely without complaint, even though the situation is deteriorating by the day.
Moldovan authorities have declared themselves willing to supply people in the separatist region of Transnistria with food and medicine if things continue to get worse. The government in Tiraspol, however, claims it has received no such offer from Chisinau.
In fact, Tiraspol is blaming the current situation on the government in Chisinau, which it says caused the energy crisis by “consciously ignoring numerous problems in the relationship with Gazprom,”
An opportunity to solve the Transnistria crisis?
Moldovan energy expert Sergiu Tofilat believes the crisis could be an opportunity to resolve the Transnistria conflict.
“According to the contract with Gazprom, Russia is obliged to bring gas to the border with the Republic of Moldova,” Tofilat told DW. “There is the alternative of transporting gas via Turkey instead of via Ukraine. But the fact is that Putin has decided to let Transnistria freeze in order to increase the pressure on Chisinau and Kyiv.
Putin wants to continue the gas transit via Ukraine because he would otherwise lose $6.5 billion [€6.3 billion] a year. He needs the money to finance the war in Ukraine.”
Gheorghe Colun has had to get used to the war in neighboring Ukraine and the associated risks for his family. Because of both the current situation and the ongoing crises where he lives, he has taken precautions. For this year, at least, and the coming days, he and his wife have enough firewood to stay warm — to enjoy Christmas dinner, and celebrate Orthodox Christmas with their visiting grandchildren.
This article was originally written in German.
