Google has achieved a major breakthrough in quantum error correction that could enable practical quantum computers by 2030, the company announced in a paper published Monday in Nature. The research demonstrated significant error reduction when scaling up from 3×3 to 7×7 grids of quantum bits, with errors dropping by half at each step. The advance addresses quantum computing’s core challenge of maintaining stable quantum states, which typically last only microseconds.
Google’s new quantum chip, manufactured in-house, maintains quantum states for nearly 100 microseconds — five times longer than previous versions. The company aims to build a full-scale system with about 1 million qubits, projecting costs around $1 billion by decade’s end.
IBM, Google’s main rival, questioned the scalability of Google’s “surface code” error correction approach, claiming it would require billions of qubits. IBM is pursuing an alternative three-dimensional design requiring new connector technology expected by 2026. The breakthrough parallels the first controlled nuclear chain reaction in 1942, according to MIT physics professor William Oliver, who noted that both achievements required years of engineering to realize theoretical predictions from decades earlier.
